Starlink in the context of critical infrastructure protection and strategic consequences in cyber warfare: A case study of the Ukraine-Russia conflict and potential utilization by the Papuan separatist groups

Abstract

The utilization of satellite technology such as Starlink in the context of armed conflict and cyber warfare poses new challenges related to critical infrastructure protection and cyber-crime response strategies. This research explores the role of Starlink technology in the context of critical infrastructure protection and its impact on strategy in cyber warfare, with a focus on a case study of the Ukraine-Russia conflict and its potential utilization by the Papuan Armed Criminal Group (KKB). Using Qualitative Research Thematic Synthesis Method, this research analyzes how Starlink was used during the Ukraine-Russia conflict to maintain communications stability, support military coordination, and maintain internet access for civilians amid disruptions to conventional infrastructure due to Russian attacks. The technology proved to be a crucial element in maintaining reliable communications in the conflict area. In addition, this research highlights the possible use of Starlink by the KKB in Papua to strengthen operational coordination, spread propaganda, and enhance intelligence capabilities. Access to high-speed and secure internet via Starlink could provide a strategic advantage to the KKB, making them more difficult for the Indonesian government to track and intervene. The research also identified strategies that the government and security agencies need to develop to manage and oversee the use of Starlink, such as developing a clear regulatory framework and setting up a cybersecurity coordination center, collaboration with service providers, and the implementation of strong encryption technologies. The results of this study show that while Starlink offers significant benefits in maintaining communications in conflict and remote areas, its uncontrolled use by separatist groups could threaten national stability, requiring a comprehensive strategy to ensure this technology is utilized safely and effectively.